On Sleep

Baekeland andHartmann report that the"short sleepers"had been more or less averagein their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at about age 15 or so,themen

voluntarily begancutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school,work,andother activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of

unconsciousness asbothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

In general,these"shortsleeps"appeared ambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist（不动摇）in their opinions,and very sureabout their career choices. They often held

several jobs atonce,or worked full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had astrong urge to appear"normal"or" acceptable"to theirfriends and associates.

When asked to recalltheir dreams,the "short sleepers" did poorly.More than this,theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion,their usual way of dealingwith

psychologicalproblems was to deny that the problem existed,and then to keep busy in the hopethat the trouble

would go away.

The sleep patternsof the"short sleepers"were similar to,but less extreme than,sleeppatterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.

The"longsleepers"were quite different indeed.Baekeland and Hartmann report thatthese young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoytheir

sleep,protected it,and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better

than didthe"short sleepers."

Many of the"long sleepers" were shy, anxious , introverted（内向）,inhibited（压抑）,passive, mildly depressed,and unsure of themselves(particularly insocial

situations).Severalopenly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.Many"shortsleepers"are likely to hold the view that________.

A.sleep is awithdrawal from the reality

B.sleep interfereswith their sound judgment

C.sleep is the leastexpensive item on their routine program

D.sleep is the bestway to deal with psychological troubles