According to themost recent research on parenting,caretakers tend to use three strategies fordisciplining children.

Power includes theuse of physical punishment such as spanking or the threat of physicalpunishment,but parents can also demonstrate power by taking away a privilegesuch

as using thecar,attending a sporting event,or in the case of a very young child,playingwith a favorite toy.In spite of the fact that power strategies,especiallysevere physical

punishment,can causechildren to fear or even hate parents,it's surprising that power remains thestrategy used most often in discipli-ning children.It's also worth noting that

children who are harshlydisciplined in this way tend to be hostile,defiant,and aggressive socially.

Second in popularityafter power is the withholding of affection.This can take the form of re-fusalto communicate with a child,threatening to abandon or reject the child,or

otherwise treatingchildren as though they were unworthy of love .Interesting enough,childrendisciplined in this way appear on the surface to be very self-disciplined,even

model children whoare seldom in trouble, but underneath,these same children are generally verynervous,insecure and dependent others to approve of and guide their

evaluation ofbehavior.

Finally,managementtechniques are employed for discipline .These begin with a set of rules thatare clearly expressed at an age-appropriate level.To enforce the rules,parents

use a combina- tionof praise and approval with explanation and reasoning,always referring back tothe rules.

But regardless ofthe strategy,the behavior that has precipitated punishment should be clearlyunderstood,and the consequences should be consistent. Key to any kind of

discipline is apattern of consistency so that children understand the relationship between therules,their behavior,and the consequences.Which of thefollowing statements is NOT true?

A.Power strategiesare used by a lot of parents because it's very effective way to disciplinechildren.

B. Some children mayappear to be very self-disciplined but actually very nervous and inse- cure.

C. Consistency isvery important to any kind of discipline.

D. The rules parentsset for their children should be age-appropriate.