On Sleep

Baekeland andHartmann report that the"short sleepers"had been more or less averagein their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at about age 15 orso,the men

voluntarily begancutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school,work,andother activities.These men tended to view their nightly periods of

unconsciousness asbothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

Ingeneral,these"short sleepers" appearedambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist（不动摇）in their opinions,and very sure about their careerchoices.They often held

several jobs atonce,or workers full or part-time while going to school.And many of them had astrong urge to appear"normal"or"acceptable"to their friendsand associates.

When asked to recalltheir dreams,the"short sleepers"did poorly.More than this,they seemedto prefer not remembering.In similar fashion,their usual way of dealing with

psychologicalproblems was to deny that the problem existed,and then to keep busy in the hopethat the trouble would go away.

The sleep patternsof the"short sleepers"were similar to,but less extreme than,sleeppatterris shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.

The"longsleepers"were quite different indeed.Baekeland and Hartmann report thatthese young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoytheir

sleep,protectedit,and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of theirdesired 9 hours of nightly bed rest.They tended to recall their dreams muchbetter

than didthe"short sleepers."

Many of the "long sleepers " were shy , anxious , introverted（内向）,inhibited（压抑）, passive,mildly depressed,and unsure of themselves(particularly insocial

situations).Severalopenly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.Many"short sleepers"are likely to hold the view that______.

A.sleep is a withdrawal from the reality

B.sleep interferes with their sound judgement

C.sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program

D.sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles