College Night OwlsHave Lower Grades

College students whoare morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls（晚睡的人）,according to University of NorthTexas researchers.

They had 824undergraduate（大学本科生的）studentscomplete a health survey that includ-ed questions about sleep habits anddaytime functioning,and found that students

who are morningpeople had higher grade point averages(GPAs)than those who are night people.

"The finding thatcollege students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very importantfinding,sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near

future,along withthe research showing that memory is improved by sleep,"study co-authorDaniel J.Taylor said in a prepared statement.

"Further,theseresults suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance byusing chronotherapy（时间疗法）tohelp students retrain their biological clock

to become moremorning types,"Taylorsaid.

The research wasexpected to be presented Monday at SLEEP,the annual meeting of the As-sociatedProfessional（专业的）SleepSocieties ,in Baltimore.

In other findingsexpected to be heard at the meeting,University of Colorado researchers found asignificant association between insomnia（失眠）and a decline in college

students' aca-demicperformance.

The study included64 psychology,nursing and medical students,average age 27 .4 years,who weredivided into two groups-low GPAs and high GPAs.

Among those with lowGPAs,69 .7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53 .1 percent experi- enced legkicks or twitches（痉挛）atnight,65. 6 percent reported waking at night

and having troublefalling back to sleep,and 72 .7 percent had difficulty concentrating during theday.

"In college、students,the complaint of difficultyconcentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on theirability to succeed in the classroom,"study

author Dr. James F.Pagel said in a prepared statement."This study showed that disorderedsleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academicperformance,including

GPAs."According to Dr.Pagel,the academic performance of a student will be affected_______.

A.if he or she isnot motivated

B. if he or she istroubled by disordered sleep

C. if he or she is amorning type

D. if he or she is alazy person